Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Osteoprotegerin regulates bone formation through a coupling mechanism with bone resorption.

doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0717

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 1. Effects of risedronate treatment on femurs of OPG/ and WT mice. OPG/ and WT mice were injected daily with (BP) or without (Cont) risedronate (0.01 mg/kg body weightd) for 30 d. Mice were given interval doses of tetracycline and calceine on d 26 and 28, respectively. Femurs were removed on d 30 for histological and histomorphometric analyses. A, Histological evaluation of proximal femurs. Bar, 500 m. B, High magnification of femoral cortical bones. Arrows indicate osteoblasts along the bone surface. Osteoblasts of OPG/ mice not treated with risedronate appear more cuboidal in shape than those of WT mice or those of OPG/ mice treated with risedronate. Bar, 50 m. C, Cross-sections of femurs. Bar, 500 m. D, Fluorescent micrographs showing double-labeled mineralization in the fronts of femurs. Arrows and arrowheads indicate endosteal and periosteal bone formation, respectively. Bar, 100 m. E, Histomorphometric analysis of femurs. Parameters of bone resorption and formation were determined in femoral cortical bones. Data are expressed as the mean SEM of four to six animals. Statistical significance was analyzed by t test: *, P 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Measurements of serum OPG, RANKL, and the complex of OPG and RANKL Serum concentrations of OPG and RANKL in OPG / , OPG / , and WT mice treated with or without risedronate were measured using the respective ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) as described previously (23).

Techniques: Injection, Labeling

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Osteoprotegerin regulates bone formation through a coupling mechanism with bone resorption.

doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0717

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 2. Effects of risedronate treatment on bone resorption in vertebrae of OPG/ and WT mice. OPG/ and WT mice were injected daily with (BP) or without (Cont) risedronate (0.01 mg/kg body weightd) for 30 d. Mice were given interval doses of tetracycline and calceine on d 26 and 28, respectively. Vertebrae were removed on d 30 for histological and histomorphometric analyses. A, Vertical sections of vertebrae. Bar, 500 m. B, Bone resorption-related parameters in bone histomorphometric analysis of vertebrae. Data are expressed as the mean SEM of four to six animals. Statistical significance was analyzed by t test: *, P 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Measurements of serum OPG, RANKL, and the complex of OPG and RANKL Serum concentrations of OPG and RANKL in OPG / , OPG / , and WT mice treated with or without risedronate were measured using the respective ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) as described previously (23).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Osteoprotegerin regulates bone formation through a coupling mechanism with bone resorption.

doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0717

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 3. Effects of risedronate treatment on bone formation in vertebrae of OPG/ and WT mice. OPG/ and WT mice were injected daily with (BP) or without (Cont) risedronate (0.01 mg/kg body weightd) for 30 d. Mice were given interval doses of tetracycline and calceine on d 23 and 28, respectively. Vertebrae were removed on d 30 for histological and histomorphometric analyses. A, Histology of trabecular bone in vertebrae. Arrows indicate osteoblasts along the bone surface. Osteoblasts of OPG/ mice not treated with risedronate appear more cuboidal in shape than those of WT mice or those of OPG/ mice treated with risedronate. Bar, 25 m. B, Fluorescent micrographs show double-labeled mineralization in the fronts of trabecular bone in vertebrae. Bar, 100 m. C, Bone formation-related parameters in bone histomorphometric analysis of vertebrae. Data are expressed as the mean SEM of four to six animals. Statistical significance was analyzed by t test: *, P 0.0001; **, P 0.002; ***, P 0.0005 (WT vs. OPG/ mice).

Article Snippet: Measurements of serum OPG, RANKL, and the complex of OPG and RANKL Serum concentrations of OPG and RANKL in OPG / , OPG / , and WT mice treated with or without risedronate were measured using the respective ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) as described previously (23).

Techniques: Injection, Labeling

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Osteoprotegerin regulates bone formation through a coupling mechanism with bone resorption.

doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0717

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 4. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and osteocal- cin and serum ALP activity in OPG/ and WT mice. OPG/ and WT mice were injected daily with (BP) or without risedronate (0.01 mg/kg body weightd) for 30 d. Serum was collected on d 30 for de- termination of calcium, phosphorus, and osteocalcin concentrations and ALP activity. Data are expressed as the mean SEM of four to six animals. Statistical significance was analyzed by t test: *, P 0.05; *, P 0.005; ***, P 0.01.

Article Snippet: Measurements of serum OPG, RANKL, and the complex of OPG and RANKL Serum concentrations of OPG and RANKL in OPG / , OPG / , and WT mice treated with or without risedronate were measured using the respective ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) as described previously (23).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Injection

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Osteoprotegerin regulates bone formation through a coupling mechanism with bone resorption.

doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0717

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 5. Serum concentrations of OPG, RANKL, and complex of OPG and RANKL in OPG/, OPG/, and WT mice. OPG/, OPG/, and WT mice were injected daily with (BP) or without risedronate (0.01 mg/kg body weightd) for 30 d. Serum was collected on d 30 for de- termination of OPG, RANKL, and OPG-RANKL complex concentra- tions. Data are expressed as the mean SEM of four to six animals. Statistical significance was analyzed by t test: *, P 0.05; **, P 0.005. No significant differences were found between the value of control mice and that of mice treated with risedronate (BP).

Article Snippet: Measurements of serum OPG, RANKL, and the complex of OPG and RANKL Serum concentrations of OPG and RANKL in OPG / , OPG / , and WT mice treated with or without risedronate were measured using the respective ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) as described previously (23).

Techniques: Injection, Control

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained sections of the knee joint of different groups. (A) Control group showing articular cartilage with regular smooth intact surface and well-organized chondrocytes which appeared in non-calcified (NCC) and calcified (CC) regions of cartilage with a clear intact tidemark (arrows) in between. The subchondral bone (SC) appears intact. The meniscus shows regular smooth surface with no fraying or undulation. (B) Immobilized group showing reduction in thickness of articular cartilage, shrunken chondrocytes, absence of chondrocytes in some areas (*) and invisible tidemark. The SC appears intact. Meniscus shows severe fraying and tears and erosion of surface with necrotic cells shedding from it (arrow). (C) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine; the articular cartilage shows smooth surface, shrunken chondrocytes and visible tidemark (*). The SC appears intact. The meniscus shows smooth surface with some cracks (arrow). (D) The immobilized group treated with risedronate; the articular cartilage shows smooth surface, shrunken chondrocytes, some empty lacunae, and hardly visible tidemark. The SC appears intact. The meniscus shows smooth surface with some cracks (arrow). (E) immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate; the articular cartilage shows smooth surface, few shrunken chondrocytes, some empty lacunae, and visible tidemark. The SC appears intact. The meniscus shows minimal erosion of its surface (arrow) (H&E, ×200). ar, articular cartilage; L, lacunae; m, meniscus; t, tears.

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained sections of articular cartilage of knee joint of different groups. (A) Control group showing the chondrocytes in non-calcified region (NCC) of the articular cartilage arranged in three zones: superficial (S), transitional (T), and radial (R) zone. The superficial zone contains small flat chondrocytes. The transitional and radial zone contain columns of rounded, oval, or triangular chondrocytes (*). The chondrocytes are located inside their lacunae forming cell nests. The calcified region (CC) is separated from radial zone by a tidemark (arrows). The subchondral bone (SC) appears intact. (B) Immobilized group; articular cartilage shows irregular notched surface (arrows) and its chondrocytes appear shrunken with pyknotic nuclei, disorganized and few in number. Tidemark is invisible. The subchondral bone shows degenerative changes (*). (C) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine; articular cartilage shows irregular degenerated surface (arrow) and shrunken chondrocytes which appear disorganized and few in number. Tidemark is visible. The SC appears intact. (D) The immobilized group treated with risedronate; articular cartilage shows smooth surface, shrunken chondrocytes which appear disorganized and few in number. Tidemark is not clearly visible. (E) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate; articular cartilage shows smooth surface, few shrunken chondrocytes, few empty lacunae, and visible tidemark (arrow) (H&E, ×400). ch, chondrocyte; f, flat chondrocyte; L, lacunae; ne, cell nests.

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of meniscus of the knee joint of different groups. (A) Control group showing the meniscus composed of homogenous eosinophilic staining well-organized collagen fibers (arrows) with fibrochondrocytes in their lacunae. The meniscus surface is smooth with no fraying or undulation (*). (B) Immobilized group showing many meniscal tears with unorganized disrupted collagen fibers (arrows) and markedly shrunken darkly stained fibrochondrocytes. (C) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine showing some tears and cracks (arrows) and moderately shrunken darkly stained fibrochondrocytes. (D) The immobilized group treated with risedronate showing few tears and cracks (arrows) and slightly shrunken fibrochondrocytes. (E) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate showing nearly normal meniscus except for minimal erosion of its surface (arrow) (H&E, ×400). fc, fibrochondrocytes.

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: A photomicrograph of Masson trichrome–stained sections of articular cartilage of knee joint of different groups. (A) Control group showing the articular cartilage which is well stained with Masson trichrome for collagen (green color) (*). (B) Immobilized group showing marked reduction of Masson trichrome–stained area for collagen with appearance of an extensive red color (*). Minimal erosion of the articular cartilage surface is observed (arrow). (C) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine showing marked reduction of Masson trichrome–stained area for collagen with appearance of a red color (*). (D) The immobilized group treated with risedronate showing moderate reduction of Masson trichrome–stained area for collagen with appearance of a red color (*). (E) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate showing slight reduction of Masson trichrome–stained area for collagen with appearance of a slight red color (*) (Masson trichrome, ×400).

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: A photomicrograph of Safranin O–Fast Green (SO)–stained sections of articular cartilage of knee joint of different groups. (A) Control group showing the articular cartilage which appears well stained with SO. The smooth surface of the articular cartilage (arrow) with normal cellular distribution is observed. (B) Immobilized group showing marked reduction in SO staining intensity in the non-calcified region of the articular cartilage (*) and slight reduction in its calcified region. The surface of articular cartilage shows fibrillation (arrow). (C) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine showing marked reduction in SO staining intensity in the superficial part (arrow) of the articular cartilage and moderate reduction in its deeper part (*). The smooth surface of the articular cartilage is observed. (D) The immobilized group treated with risedronate showing moderate reduction in SO staining intensity in the calcified region of the articular cartilage (*) with disruption in the superficial part of the articular cartilage (arrow). (E) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate showing slight reduction in SO staining intensity in the superficial part of the articular cartilage (*). The smooth surface of the articular cartilage is observed (SO staining, ×400).

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Disruption

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical stained sections for collagen type II of the articular cartilage of the knee joint of different groups. (A) Control group showing very strong immunostaining intensity for collagen type II in articular cartilage (brown color). The smooth surface of the articular cartilage is observed. (B) Immobilized group showing weak immunostaining intensity for collagen type II in articular cartilage with disruption in the superficial part of cartilage (arrow). (C) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine showing moderate immunostaining intensity for collagen type II in articular cartilage (*). Irregularity of the surface (arrow) and presence of a space in superficial part are observed. (D) The immobilized group treated with risedronate showing moderate immunostaining intensity for collagen type II in articular cartilage (*) with necrosis of superficial part of the articular cartilage (arrow). (E) The immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate showing strong immunostaining intensity for collagen type II in the articular cartilage. The smooth surface of the articular cartilage is observed (immunohistochemical staining for collagen type II, ×400). s, space.

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control, Immunostaining, Disruption

Journal: Anatomy & Cell Biology

Article Title: Protective effect of glucosamine and risedronate (alone or in combination) against osteoarthritic changes in rat experimental model of immobilized knee

doi: 10.5115/acb.19.050

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The thickness of the articular cartilage (µm) of different experimental groups. Pairwise significant differences were detected between: group I and group II ( P <0.001); group II and group III ( P <0.05), group IV ( P <0.01) and group V ( P <0.001); group III and groups IV and V ( P >0.05); group IV and group V ( P >0.05). (B) The number of the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of different experimental groups. Pairwise significant differences were detected between: group I and group II ( P <0.001); group II and groups III, IV and V ( P <0.001); group III and groups IV and V ( P >0.05); group IV and group V ( P >0.05). (C) The number of the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of different experimental groups. Pairwise significant differences were detected between: group I and group II ( P <0.001); group II and groups III, IV, and V ( P <0.001); group III and group IV ( P >0.05), V ( P <0.001); group IV and group V ( P <0.001). Group I, control; group II, immobilized knee; group III, immobilized group treated with glucosamine; group IV, immobilized group treated with risedronate; group V, immobilized group treated with glucosamine and risedronate. Analysis was done using GraphPad Prism version 4. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance test followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison post-hoc test for comparison between all groups. P >0.05, nonsignificant; P <0.05, significant.

Article Snippet: Risedronate (actonel 35 mg, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt) was given orally to rats in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day.

Techniques: Control, Comparison

Journal: Pharmacy and Therapeutics

Article Title: Osteoporosis: A Review of Treatment Options

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Food and Drug Administration-Approved Indications for Osteoporosis Treatments 42 – 46 , 49 – 51 , 71 , 75 , 78 , 84 – 86 , 88 , 89 , 93 , 97

Article Snippet: Risedronate DR (Atelvia, Warner Chilcott) , x , , , , .

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Pharmacy and Therapeutics

Article Title: Osteoporosis: A Review of Treatment Options

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dose Recommendations for Bisphosphonates 42 , 43 , 45 , 56 , 48 , 49

Article Snippet: Risedronate DR (Atelvia, Warner Chilcott) , x , , , , .

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Bone Metabolism

Article Title: Nutrition and Exercise Treatment of Sarcopenia in Hip Fracture Patients: Systematic Review

doi: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.2.63

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baseline characteristics of included studies

Article Snippet: Flodin et al. [ ] , 2015 , Prospective RCT , Age >60, after hip Fx. surgery , EWG , 79 , Nutrition , Received calcium 1 g and vitamin D 800 IE; specifically, cholecalciferol (Calcichew-D3 ® , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan) divided into 2 daily doses for 12 months , Ca, vitamin D + Risedronate (Optinate ® , Warner Chilcott, Weiterstadt, Germany) 35 mg once weekly for 12 months , Ca, vitamin D + Risedronate + nutritional supplement a 200 mL package twice daily, each containing 20 g of protein and 300 Kcal (Fresubin ® , Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany). This supplement was given for the first 6 months following hip Fx.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Muscles, Injection, Recombinant, Functional Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: BMC Geriatrics

Article Title: Effects of protein-rich nutritional supplementation and bisphosphonates on body composition, handgrip strength and health-related quality of life after hip fracture: a 12-month randomized controlled study

doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0144-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Outcome of EQ-5D index in different treatment groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Group C, Controls = vitamin D and calcium for 12 months; B = risedronate, vitamin D and calcium for 12 months; N = protein and energy supplementation for 6 months, and risedronate, vitamin D and calcium for 12 months

Article Snippet: This supplement was given for the first six months following hip fracture and was combined with risedronate (Optinate® Septimum; Sanofi AB, Warner Chilcott, Weiterstadt, Germany), 35 mg once weekly for 12 months.

Techniques:

Journal: BMJ Open

Article Title: Does industry-sponsored education foster overdiagnosis and overtreatment of depression, osteoporosis and over­active bladder syndrome? An Australian cohort study

doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019027

Figure Lengend Snippet: PBS subsidy of drugs marketed for depression, osteoporosis and overactive bladder marketed by sponsoring companies

Article Snippet: Novartis, which markets zoledronic acid, and oestradiol/norethisterone, a hormone therapy approved for osteoporosis prevention in high-risk women intolerant of other products, sponsored 19.9% of events; Servier, which markets strontium, sponsored 15.0%; and Sanofi, which marketed risedronic acid until December 2014, sponsored 8.7%.

Techniques: